Non-equilibrium systems is a concept in physics and related fields describing systems that are not in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. This research area investigates systems driven by external forces or internal processes, characterized by continuous fluxes of energy, matter, or information and the absence of detailed balance. Study focuses on their dynamic behavior, including the emergence of spatiotemporal patterns and complex phenomena far from steady states, providing essential frameworks for understanding open systems in diverse domains like biology, technology, and astrophysics.